| Functions |
- Anti-oxidant defense – co-factor in production of oxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) which disarms free-radicals produced in cell mitochondria
- SOD deficiency leads to strains, sprains and inflammation
- Anti-inflammatory aid for people with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic inflammatory disorders
- Enhances enzyme systems for blood sugar control, energy metabolism, thyroid hormone function, cholesterol synthesis, protein synthesis
- Cerebral function – critical for glucose utilization within neuron, adenylate cyclase activity and neurotransmitter control
|
| Source and function notes |
- High intake of iron, calcium or phosphorus create greater need for manganese, especially iron – if manganese intake high, iron intake will be lower
- Not stored well in body and aluminium decreases tissue stores further
- Activates enzymes for body to use Biotin, Vitamins B1, C and Choline
- Activates glutamine synthetase (glutamine is small intestine fuel)
|
| Vegetable sources |
spinach; turnip greens; rhubarb; beet greens; Brussel spouts; carrots; broccoli; cabbage; peas; beets; tomato |
| Fruit sources |
Raisins, Peach, Tangerine Apple, Orange, Pear, Cantaloupe melon, Apricot |
| Nut and seed sources |
Pecans, Brazil nuts, Almonds, Walnuts, Peanuts, Coconut |
| Absorption factors |
Absorption inhibited by phytic acid and excess iron in diet – Manganese competes principally with Iron for absorption |
| Spice and herb sources |
Cloves, Ginger, Thyme, Bay Leaves |
| Deficiency factors |
|
| Toxicity and dangers |
Links to epilepsy |
Adapted from:
Murray, M. (2005). Encyclopedia of Healing Food. New York, N.Y.: Atria Books
Bland, J., Costarella, L., Levin, B., Liska, D., Lukaczer, D., Schlitz, B., Schmidt, M., Lerman, R., Quinn, S., Jones, D. (2004). Clinical Nutrition: A Functional Approach, Second Edition. Gig Harbor, WA: The Institute for Functional Medicine.
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